Scientific publications, books and engineering case studies covering ZSoil applications, material
models and numerical methods. Browse by topic to find research relevant to your modelling work.
PDF labels identify direct document links. SOURCE labels lead to publisher or repository pages, where
access conditions may vary. Entries without an online link are retained as bibliographic references.
New Additions to the Library
Additional journal articles, conference contributions and a European technical report with explicit
evidence of ZSoil use.
Estimation of the stability of tailings dams
based on genetic algorithm-supported calibration results and monitoring data
Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 48(1), 1–16 (2026).
Uses a ZSoil plane-strain model and synthetic monitoring data to investigate genetic-algorithm
calibration and tailings-dam stability estimation.
SOURCE
Integrating 3D geotechnical characterization
and Geo-BIM for geohazard assessment in soft ground
Developments in the Built Environment, 25, 100863 (2026).
Links a spatial ground model with ZSoil finite element calculations for regional consolidation-settlement
assessment.
SOURCE
Numerical prediction of shallow footing
settlements using HS-Brick model calibrated from laboratory and in situ tests
Technical Transactions, 122, e2025019 (2025).
Calibrates HS-Brick parameters from laboratory and field testing and uses ZSoil 2025 to model
footing load–displacement response.
SOURCE
Probabilistic analysis of foundation
settlement considering spatial variability in soil parameters: a comparison of hardening soil
model and Mohr-Coulomb
Georisk. Published online in 2025.
Combines ZSoil and MATLAB for random finite element settlement calculations, comparing Hardening
Soil and Mohr–Coulomb models.
SOURCE
Reliability-based verification of limit states for
geotechnical structures
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, EUR 40090, JRC139408 (2024).
Includes worked examples using ZSWalls/ZSoil and UQLab. Relevant to reliability assessment
of retaining structures; the report as a whole covers a broader range of methods.
SOURCE
FEM modelling of screw displacement pile
interaction with subsoil
Archives of Civil Engineering, 69(4), 157–170 (2023).
Uses ZSoil to represent pile installation effects and compares the calculated response with
instrumented pile-load tests.
SOURCE
Probabilistic Analysis of Shallow Foundation
Settlement on Layered Soil Using a Hardening Soil Model
Geo-Risk 2023, 317–325 (2023). ASCE.
Couples ZSoil with MATLAB to study settlement distributions for a strip footing on spatially
variable layered soil.
SOURCE
Probabilistic analysis of settlements
under a pile foundation of a road bridge pylon
Soils and Foundations, 61(1), 80–94 (2021).
Uses a ZSoil subsoil model to assess settlement uncertainty and reliability for the Rędziński
Bridge pile foundation.
SOURCE
The Hardening Soil Model: A Practical
Guidebook
Report 301125, revised 30 November 2025.
A technical reference for the Hardening Soil model and its small-strain extensions, with material-parameter
guidance for ZSoil modelling.
Books & Anniversary Volumes
Books introducing ZSoil and anniversary volumes documenting its development and applications.
Research by Topic
Open a topic to view its references. Some publications appear in more than one section. Historical
numerical-methods papers are distinguished from direct ZSoil applications.
Selected Papers · 2017–2026
Selected journal articles, conference papers and technical reports from the existing bibliography.
Prediction
of diaphragm wall displacements using Bayesian model calibration
14th International Conference on Application of Statistics and Probability in civil engineering
(ICASP14), Dublin, Ireland, July 9-13, 2023
Application
of Random Fields and Polynomial Chaos Expansions to Slope Reliability Analysis
14th International Conference on Application of Statistics and Probability in civil engineering
(ICASP14), Dublin, Ireland, July 9-13, 2023
Sensitivity
and Reliability Analyses Applied to day-to-day Geotechnical Engineering Using Meta-Models
Coupled with 3D Finite Elements
14th International Conference on Application of Statistics and Probability in civil engineering
(ICASP14), Dublin, Ireland, July 9-13, 2023
Finite
element-based probabilistic framework including Bayesian inference for predicting displacements
due to tunnel excavation
in Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 162, October 2023
SOURCE
Nonlocal
FEM modeling of piles as beam elements embedded within 3D continuum
in Engineering Structures, Vol. 277, 2023
SOURCE
Analyses et modélisations sur les
argiles plastiques du Sparnacien du Bassin parisien
Revue Française de Géotechnique, 2022, vol. 171, article no. 3
SOURCE
Experimental study and numerical simulation
of Paris plastic clay
Proceedings of World Tunnel Congress, Underground solutions for a world in change, Copenhagen,
Denmark, 2022
SOURCE
Maitrise
du comportement géotechnique après remblaiement par l’application de drains verticaux préfabriqués
in Les défis géotechniques avec les sols mous, 181 Géotechnique Suisse, Journée d’étude
du 12 mai 2022, Muttenz
Uncertainty
quantification and reliability analysis in geotechnics with ZSoil® and UQLab®
Geomod-ZSoil Rep. 19123101, 2019
On consistent
nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems
in Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. 40, No. 2, 2018
SOURCE
Numerical analysis of the load distribution
under the piled raft foundation of the high-rise building.
in Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, 2018, Vol. 50 (2), pages 129–138
SOURCE
Numerical simulations of overflow
experiments on a model dike.
in 64 Scientific Conference of the Committee for Civil Engineering of the Polish Academy
of Sciences and the Science Committee of the Polish Association of Civil Engineers (PZITB)
(KRYNICA 2018) MATEC Web of Conferences 262, 01003 (2019)
SOURCE
Computer modeling in geotechnical practice. Future trends.
in Analizy i doświadczenia w geoinżynierii. Wydaw. Politechniki Śląskiej, 2017
REFERENCE
Bridges
Bridge foundations, pile testing and rock–structure interaction.
Simulation numérique de l’essai
de pieux pour le viaduc sur l’A9 à Rennaz (VD)
in Publication de la Géotechnique Suisse 166, 2013
Constitutive Models
Material behaviour, constitutive formulations and parameter identification.
On consistent
nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems
in Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. 40, No. 2 (2018)
SOURCE
Improved
formulation of the Hardening Soil model in the context of modeling the undrained behavior
of cohesive soils
in Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. 37, No. 2 (2015)
SOURCE
Numerical
modeling of jointed rock masses (2005)
Dams
Static and dynamic behaviour, thermal effects and safety assessment of dams.
In Situ Investigation
and Numerical Analysis of Thermal Cracking in Zatonie Dam
Proc. 21st Congress of Large Dams, Montreal 2003
Deep Excavations
Retaining systems, staged excavation, monitoring and soil–structure interaction.
Numerical analysis of the load distribution
under the piled raft foundation of the high-rise building.
in Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, 2018, Vol. 50 (2), pages 129–138
SOURCE
Selected aspects of
designing deep excavations
in Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, Vol. 38, No. 3, 2016
Large scale 3D numerical simulations
of deep excavations in urban areas – constitutive aspects and optimization
in Publication de la Géotechnique Suisse 167, 2013
Simulation numerique tridimensionnelle de la fouille(Rolex SA) et instrumentation.
Traces 08, 4.2003
REFERENCE
Numerical Simulation
of Earthworks and Retaining System for a Large Excavation.
Proc.CST2002, Prague.
Deep Foundations & Piles
Pile modelling, ground improvement and foundation response.
Nonlocal
FEM modeling of piles as beam elements embedded within 3D continuum
in Engineering Structures, Vol. 277, 2023
SOURCE
Soil strengthening under
turbo generators 5 and 6 in PGE Opole Power Plant S.A.
in Acta Sci. Pol. Architectura 15 (4) 2016, 91–102
Pile Test Finite Element
Analyses (2010)
Roads & Pavements
Pavement behaviour and interaction with the supporting ground.
A new framework for analytical pavement design based on systematic control during construction
work (2004)
REFERENCE
Heat and
deformation analysis of concrete pavements on elastoplastic subsoil.
Proc.3rd Int,Symp. on 3D Finite element for Pavement Analysis, Design, Research, Delft
2002.
Dynamics & Seismic Analysis
Dynamic response, vibration and nonlinear seismic assessment.
Slope Stability & Landslides
Slope deformation, landslide mechanisms and stabilisation.
Tunnels & Caverns
Underground construction, rock support and effects on nearby structures.
Einsatz von Kontaktelementen
bei numerischen Berechnungen fuer den felsbau.
Felsbau 21 (2003)21-26
Design of Tunnels in Swelling Rock
Felsbau 20 (2002)
REFERENCE
Influence du comportement plastique de la structure sur l’état limite ultime dans les problèmes
d’interaction sol-structure
Publication de la Société Suisse de Mécanique des Sols et des Roches 148 (2004) 85-92
REFERENCE
Tunneling in urban area, a case study.
Proc.CST2002, Prague.
REFERENCE
Tunneling
in urban area: a case study.
Proc.2nd Int.Conf. on Soil Structure Interaction in Urban Civil Engineering, Zurich 2002.
Influence of the
In Situ Pore Water Pressure on the Stability of Deep Galleries in Saturated Porous Media
Proc. 15th. Int. Conf. on Soil mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey,
2001
Finite Element Stability Analyses
of Natural Caves.
Proc. Eurock 2001 Conf., Espoo, Finland, 2001
Nagelversuchswand Aare (GE). Numerische Simulation und Vergleich mit Kontrollmessungen.
Publ. de la Sté Suisse de Mécanique des Sols & des Roches, N° 138, Bern 1999
REFERENCE
Experimental and numerical comparison between fully grouted and frictional bolts.
Proc. Int. Congress on Rock Mechanics, Paris 1999, pp. 903-907
REFERENCE
Excavation d’un tunnel ferroviaire en terrain meuble: modélisation d’une voûte parapluie,
calcul et mesure des tassements.
Journal “Chantiers”, No 3, April 2000
REFERENCE
Groundwater & Coupled Processes
Seepage, dewatering and coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour.
Numerical simulations of overflow
experiments on a model dike.
in 64 Scientific Conference of the Committee for Civil Engineering of the Polish Academy
of Sciences and the Science Committee of the Polish Association of Civil Engineers (PZITB)
(KRYNICA 2018) MATEC Web of Conferences 262, 01003 (2019)
SOURCE
FE approcah to coupled transient flow and stability analysis of antiflood embankments.
Proc. Congress on Advances in Computer Methods in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,
Moscow 2000. Geology & Computers, S. Yufin Ed., Balkema, 2000
REFERENCE
Modélisation et simulation numérique de résines réactives dans un milieux poreux.
Thèse de doctorat, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 2000
REFERENCE
ZSoil in Practice · Historical Archive
Earlier applications, conference contributions and theses retained from the original bibliography.
Etat de l’art: évolution, possibilités
et limites des éléments finis en géotechnique Publication de la Géotechnique Suisse
167, 2013
Mise en application de la norme SIA 267 pour la vérification des états limites
Publication de la Société Suisse de Mécanique des Sols et des Roches 148 (2004) 93-101
REFERENCE
Stabilized
finite elements for elastoplasticity.
Proc.5th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, Vienna, 2002.
Mixed
Displacement-Pressure Stabilized Finite Element Formulation for Geomechanics.
Proc.5th European Conf. on Numerical methods in Geotechnical Eng., Paris, 2002
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of underground works(in Russian).
Proc. of the Miners’ Week, Moscow 2002.
REFERENCE
Stabilized finite
elements. Applications in geomechanics.
Proc. 1st Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational Mechanics, Sidney, Australia, 2001.
La plate-forme flottante du monolithe de l’arteplage de Morat
Ingénieurs et Architectes Suisses 20 (2001)
REFERENCE
Numerical
Approach to Generating Constitutive Models of Jointed Rock.
Proc. Eurock 2001 Conf., Espoo, Finland, 2001
Influences of the urban environment
on the Emme tunnel.
16th congress of IABSE, Lucerne, Switzerland, 2000
Rock structure stability as viewed from experience of 3D modeling.
Proc.4th NARMS Conf. : Pacific Rocks 2000, ‘’Rock around the Rim’’, J. Girard, M. Liebman,
Ch. Breeds & T. Doe Eds, Balkema, 2000
REFERENCE
Three-dimensional simulation of underground construction.
Proc. Eurock 2000 Conf., W. Wittke Ed., Balkema, 2000
REFERENCE
Recent advances in geotechnical engineering software.
Proc. Congress on Advances in Computer Methods in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,
Moscow 2000. S. Yufin Ed., Balkema, 2000
REFERENCE
Stabilized mixed u-p formulation for elasto-plastic media.
Proc. of Xth Scientific Conf. on Numerical Methods for Design & Analysis of Hydraulic,
Korbielow, Poland, March, 1998
REFERENCE
3D behaviour of bolted rock joints. Experimental and numerical study.
Int. Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rocks, April 6-9, Vienne,
pp. 299-304
REFERENCE
A comparison of finite element enhancements for incompressible and dilatant behavior of
geomaterials.
Proc. of CIMASI Conf., Casablanca, Oct., 1998
REFERENCE
Numerical simulation of stability and failure of elastoplastic layered media.
Proc. 9th IACMAG Conf.,Wuhan, China, 1997. J.X. Yuan Ed., Balkema 1997
REFERENCE
A stabilized formulation for finite element analysis of elastoplastic media.
Proc. NUMOG VI, Int. Symp. on Numerical Models in Geomechanics, Montreal, Balkema 1997
REFERENCE
Stabilité des tunnels à faible profondeur.
Mémoire de Maîtrise, Université catholique de Louvain, 1996
REFERENCE
Stabilité des pentes.
Mémoire de Maîtrise, Université catholique de Louvain, 1996
REFERENCE
Numerical simulation of underground works.
Compte-rendus, Journées de l’AFTES, Chambéry, 1996
REFERENCE
Stability of Underground Openings.
MSc. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 1995
REFERENCE
Numerical simulation of underground openings
Proc. 10th Danube Conf. on Soil Mech. & Foundation Eng., Mamaia, Romania, 1995
REFERENCE
Comportement différé des roches marneuses encaissant les tunnels.
C.R. Colloque Craies et Schistes GMBR, Buxelles, mars 1995
REFERENCE
Numerical simulation of mixed-mode crack propagation in softening material.
Proc. of Chinese Young Scholar Symp. on Geomech. & Eng. Appl, Wuhan, China, 1994
REFERENCE
Evaluation of the long term performance of concrete pavements on subgrades with differential
settlements.
Proc. Workshop on the Performance of Concrete Pavements, Krumbach, Austria, 1994
REFERENCE
An unified approach to stability, bearing capacity, consolidation, creep, and flow for
geotechnical practic.
Symposium on Computer Programs in Geotechnical Engineering, Göteborg, 1994
REFERENCE
Numerical analysis of the bearing capacity of strip and circular footings.
Int. Conf. on Computational Methods in Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Hong Kong,
1994
REFERENCE
Numerical simulation of smeared crack propagation in geomaterials. An evaluation of the
rotating crack model.
Proc. of the Int. Symp. on Appl. of Computer Meth. in Rock Mech. and Eng., Xian, China,
1993
REFERENCE
ZSoil.PC
: A program for solving soil mechanics problems on a personal computer using plasticity
theory.
Int. Conf. on Geomechanics, Innsbruck, Balkema 1987
Computational Mechanics
Research on finite element formulations and numerical methods. Some works predate ZSoil and are
included as methodological background.
A Lagrangian-Eulerian derivation of the equations of 2-phase porous media.
IENER Report 341.114, 1982
REFERENCE
Finite elements for contact problems in 2 dimensional elastodynamics.
Proc. Symp. on Comp. Meth.in Nonlin. Struct. and Sol. Mech., Washington, 1980
REFERENCE
Fluid Mechanics & Mudflows
Numerical formulations for fluids, granular flows and mudflows.
Numerische Modellierung von Erdrutschen und Schlammlawinen,
Wasser Energie Luft 120(1):27–30, 2010
REFERENCE
Fracture Mechanics & Failure Analysis
Research on cracking, damage and structural failure, including foundational work predating ZSoil.
Rotating crack model with transition to scalar damage. I. Local formulation, II. Nonlocal
formulation and adaptivity,
LSC Internal Report 97/01, January 1997
REFERENCE
Structural mechanics in reactor technology.
Transactions of the concrete structures division. A.A. Balkema, 1988
REFERENCE
Analyse non-linéaire des structures massives: applications.
Annales ITBTP292, pp 127-143(1972)
REFERENCE
Geomechanics & Geotechnics
Constitutive calibration, field-test interpretation and numerical geomechanics.
Computer modeling in geotechnical practice. Future trends.
in Analizy i doświadczenia w geoinżynierii. Wydaw. Politechniki Śląskiej, 2017
REFERENCE
Numerische Modellierung von Erdrutschen und Schlammlawinen,
Wasser Energie Luft 120(1):27–30, 2010
REFERENCE
Esempio di analisi di una galleria con il programma agli elementi finiti ZSoil
(contribution to “Gallerie” by Maurizio Tanzini, 2005, in Italian )
REFERENCE
Strassen, im besonderen Betonstrassen auf wenig tragfaehigem, zu Setzungen neigendem Baugrund,
Rep. 354 VSS/Zace rep. 3.1995
REFERENCE
Indirect boundary element algorithm for slope stability analysis.
Eng.Analysis w.Boundary Elements 9, pp 209-217(1992)
REFERENCE
A three-dimensional numerical simulation model for rockfalls.
Report LSC 89/01
REFERENCE
Object-oriented Finite Elements & Artificial Intelligence
Scientific software architecture, symbolic derivation and finite element programming. These historical
references concern computational methods rather than necessarily using ZSoil.
Toward intelligent object- oriented scientific applications.
In Engineering Computational Technology, B.H.V.Topping & Z. Bittnar (Eds), Saxe-Coburg
Publications, Stirling, Scotland, pp271-311, 2002
REFERENCE
Object-oriented
finite elements I-IV:
Computer Methods
in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 132, pp 259-276 (1996) Computer
Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 132, pp 277-304 (1996) Computer
Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 154, pp 41-68 (1998) Computer
Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 190, pp 2729-2751 (2001)
SOURCE
Object-oriented Derivation and Automatic Programming of Finite Elements in Mechanics.
Engineering with Computers 15, pp 12-36 (1999)
REFERENCE
Fonctionnalité d’un environnement orienté-objet pour le développement de code éléments
finis.
Revue Européenne des Elements Finis Vol. 7, no 1-3 (1998)
REFERENCE
Intégration d’une approche variationnelle pour la méthode des éléments finis dans un environnement
orienté-objet.
Revue Européenne des Elements Finis Vol. 7, no 5, pp 589-607 (1998)
REFERENCE
Object-oriented finite element programming : An interactive environment for symbolic derivation,
application to an initial boundary value problem.
Advances in Engineering Software 27, pp 3-10 (1996)
REFERENCE
Programmation orientée-objet appliquée à la méthode des éléments finis : dérivations symboliques,
Revue Européenne des éléments finis, Vol. 4, No 3, pp 327-360 (1995)
REFERENCE
Object-oriented finite element programming. Theory and C++ implementation.
Elmepress, 1992
REFERENCE